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Femoral Head and Neck Excision.

Summary:

Femoral head and neck excision is a surgical procedure that is commonly performed in small animal patients. It is a salvage procedure that is done to relieve pain in the coxofemoral joint and restore acceptable function of the limb. Femoral head and neck excision is most commonly used to treat severe osteoarthritis in the coxofemoral joint and can be done in dogs and cats of any size or age.

Conclusion:

The procedure should not be overused and ideally should not be done when the integrity of the coxofemoral joint can be restored.

Author & Journal:Harper TAM, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017
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Effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs

Summary:

To determine the outcome and effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) and injury to the medial meniscus in Labrador Retrievers.

Conclusion:

Surgical technique can influence limb function after surgery. Labrador Retrievers treated via LSS, ICS, or TPLO for repair for of RCCL and medial meniscal injury managed with partial or complete meniscectomy infrequently achieve normal function. Results of LSS and TPLO are similar and superior to ICS.

Author & Journal:Conzemius MG, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005 Jan 15;226(2):232-6
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Canine ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy increases the prevalence of ACL injury.

Summary:

To determine whether canine ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy affects the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, we compared injury rates of anterior cruciate ligaments of animals that had gonadectomy and animals that were sexually intact as a function of gender, breed, or size.

Conclusion:

Sterilization of either gender increased the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, suggesting a potential effect of gonadal gender on prevalence of injury of this ligament.

Author & Journal:Slauterbeck JR, et al, Clin Orthop Relat Res. 429:301-305, 2004
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Effect of surgical technique on radiographic fusion of the anconeus in the treatment of ununited anconeal process

Summary:

The aim of this study was to determine if internal fixation of the anconeus combined with a proximal ulnar osteotomy was more likely to result in fusion of the anconeus to the ulna compared with a proximal ulnar osteotomy alone.

Conclusion:

A total of 47 elbows (44 dogs) were identified. Of these, 28 cases (average age 7.6 months) were treated with proximal ulnar osteotomy (of which eight were stabilised with an intramedullary pin) alone. Nineteen cases (average age 7.1 months) were treated with proximal ulnar osteotomy + internal fixation. The two groups were not significantly different in age (P=0.638, Mann-Whitney U test). Fourteen of 28 cases with proximal ulnar osteotomy alone displayed anconeal union at follow-up compared with 16 of 19 cases of proximal ulnar osteotomy + internal fixation, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.029, Fisher’s exact test).

Author & Journal:Pettitt RA, et al, J Small Anim Prac 2009 50:545-548
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Comparison of long-term outcomes associated with three surgical techniques for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

Summary:

To evaluate long-term (>1 year) outcomes with respect to function and complications in dogs undergoing TightRope (TR), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), or tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.

Conclusion:

Long-term outcomes for TPLO and TR were superior to TTA based on subjective client and DVM assessments. Each technique was associated with a high long-term success rate with TR showing the highest safety-to-efficacy ratio.

Author & Journal:Christopher SA, et al, Vet Surg 42:329-334, 2013
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Clinical hip dysplasia in growing dogs: the long-term results of conservative management

Summary:

The long‐term results of conservative management in 68 immature dogs with clinical and radiographic evidence of hip dysplasia are described.

Conclusion:

Seventy‐six per cent of the dogs had minimal gait abnormalities despite radiological evidence of moderate or severe osteoarthrosis.

Author & Journal:Barr ARS, et al, J Small Anim Pract 28: 243-252, 1987
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Frequency and distribution of patellar luxation in dogs. 134 cases (2000 to 2005).

Summary:

This study investigated the frequency and distribution of patellar luxation in the dogs presented to the Chonbuk National University Animal Medical Centre during January 2000 to September 2005. Patellar luxations were classified as medial or lateral, and unilateral or bilateral, were graded I to IV, and were subdivided according to age, sex and size of the dogs. The incidence of medial patellar luxation(MPL) was greater than the incidence of lateral patellar luxation (LPL) in both small and large dogs. Small-breed dogs were admitted almost exclusively with MPL. LPL was found uncommon; however it was observed more often in larger-breed dogs. Surgical correction was performed primarily in the dogs (165 stifles in 111 dogs) with grade II, III and IV patellar luxations following different surgical techniques.

Conclusion:

The combination of the surgical techniques was found to be more effective for the management of the disease. The prognosis was found to be favourable, because when the grade was low, the dog was younger, without cruciate ligament rupture, and as the surgical correction was performed with combination of more techniques.

Author & Journal:Alam MR, et al, Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007 20:59-64
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Canine Lameness cause by developmental orthopedic diseases: osteochondrosis.

Summary:

Osteochondrosis, a common developmental orthopedic disease in immature dogs, is caused by a disturbance in the process of endochondral ossification. The cause is undetermined, but numerous factors, including growth rate, genetics, and nutrition, have been implicated. Osteochondrosis typically affects the shoulder, elbow, stifle, or hock joint, causing lameness, joint effusion, and osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

A thorough physical examination and proper radiographic technique are integral to the diagnosis of osteochondrosis. n Treatment usually requires surgical intervention to remove the cartilaginous flaps and promote the ingrowth of repair.

Author & Journal:Trostel CT, et al, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 2002 24(11):836-854
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Effects of early intensive postoperative physiotherapy on limb function after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with deficiency of the cranial cruciate ligament.

Summary:

To determine effects of early intensive postoperative physiotherapy on limb function in dogs after tibial plateau levelingosteotomy (TPLO) for deficiency of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).

Conclusion:

After TPLO in CCL-deficient dogs, early physiotherapy intervention should be considered as part of the postoperative management to prevent muscle atrophy, build muscle mass and strength, and increase stifle joint flexion and extension ROMs.

Author & Journal:Monk, ML, et al, Am J Vet Res 67:529-536, 2006
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