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Total joint replacement in the dog.

Summary:

Total joint replacement has evolved over the past 50 years from a concept that was first attempted in people suffering from osteoarthritis to a commonly applied practice in veterinary medicine. Although many questions have been answered, several controversies still exist, with many implant and technical options being explored.

Conclusion:

Currently, total hip and elbow replacement are commercially available options viable for use in dogs. These options are detailed in this article. Joint replacement for other canine joints (ie, knee, hock, shoulder) that develop osteoarthritis likely will be developed in the near future.

Author & Journal:Conzemius MG, et al, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim 2005
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Inheritance of rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Newfoundlands

Summary:

To determine prevalence, level of inbreeding, heritability, and mode of inheritance for rupture of the cranial cruciateligament (RCCL) in Newfoundlands.

Conclusion:

Identification of a genetic basis for RCCL in Newfoundlands provided evidence that investigators can now focus on developing methods to identify carriers to reduce the prevalence of RCCL.

Author & Journal:Wilke VL, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Jan 1;228(1):61-4
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Comparison of owner satisfaction between stifle joint orthoses and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

Summary:

To compare owner satisfaction between custom-made stifle joint orthoses and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for the management of medium- and large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD). DESIGN Owner survey.

Conclusion:

Results indicated high owner satisfaction rates for both interventions. Owners considering nonsurgical management with an orthosis should be advised about potential complications such as persistent lameness, skin lesions, patient intolerance of the device, and the need for subsequent surgery.

Author & Journal:Hart JL, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;249(4):391-398
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Co-existence of ununited anconeal process and fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna in the dog

Summary:

To determine the incidence of fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna in dogs with ununited anconeal process. The efficacy of presurgical radiography to diagnose the co-existence of these diseases was also investigated.

Conclusion:

Seventy-two per cent of the dogs were German shepherd dogs. In 25 joints (16 per cent) a fragmented medial coronoidprocess was diagnosed and removed via arthrotomy or arthroscopy. The co-existence of a fragmented medial coronoid process was diagnosed correctly in only 13 cases (52 per cent) by radiography. In five of these cases with advanced osteoarthritis, the fragment was directly visible because of its dislocation. Compared with published information, the occurrence of ununited anconeal process with fragmented medial coronoid process is noted more frequently in the present study.

Author & Journal:Meyer-Lindenberg A, et al, J Small Anim Prac 2006 47:61-65
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Long-term functional outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy versus extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs.

Summary:

To compare the long-term outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and extracapsular repair (ECR) for treatment of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL).

Conclusion:

Dogs achieved normal limb loading faster after TPLO than ECR. TPLO resulted in operated limb function that was indistinguishable from the control population by 1 year postoperatively.

Author & Journal:Nelson SA, et al, Vet Surg 42:38-50, 2013
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Evaluation of the relationship between Orthopedic Foundation for Animals’ hip joint scores and PennHIP distraction index values in dogs

Summary:

To compare 2 screening methods for detecting evidence of hip dysplasia (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals [OFA] and PennHIP) in dogs.

Conclusion:

Dogs judged as phenotypically normal by the OFA harbored clinically important passive hipjoint laxity as determined via distraction radiography. Results suggested that OFA scoring of HE radiographs underestimated susceptibility to osteoarthritis in dogs, which may impede progress in reducing or eliminating hip dysplasia through breeding.

Author & Journal:Powers MY, et al, JAVMA 2010
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Patellar luxation in dogs and cats: Pathogenesis and diagnosis.

Summary:

Patellar luxation can be either medial or lateral and is one of the most common orthopaedic diseases of the hindlimb in dogs. The condition is most often congenital and associated with varying degrees of skeletal deformity of the femur and tibia. It is suggested that an abnormal conformation of the hip joint or pelvis is the origin of the disease.

Conclusion:

The condition is less common in cats. Patellar luxations can be classified into four grades of severity. Diagnosis is based mainly on palpation of the affected stifle and patella.

Author & Journal:L’Eplattenier H, et al, Compend 2002 24(3)234-239
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Canine lameness caused by developmental orthopedic diseases: Fragmented medial coronoid process and ununited anconeal process

Summary:

Fragmented medial coronold process and ununited anconeal process are common developmental orthopedic diseases that affect the cubital joint in immature large-breed dogs. Several factors, including genetics, nutrition, and diet, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Lameness and joint pain are common clinical signs and may develop as early as 4 months of age.

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis allows initiation of proper medical or surgical treatment and may minimize the progression of osteoarthritis.

Author & Journal:Trostel CT, et al, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 2003 25(2):112-120
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Effects of postoperative rehabilitation on limb function after cranial cruciate ligament repair in dogs.

Summary:

To determine the effects of early postoperative rehabilitation on limb function in dogs after surgery for ruptured cranialcruciate ligament (RCCL).

Conclusion:

Dogs that have surgery for RCCL and a torn medial meniscus benefit from postoperativerehabilitation; rehabilitation should be considered part of the postoperative management of these patients.

Author & Journal:Marsolais, GS, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1325-1330, 2002
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