DOD

Developmental orthopedic disease

Summary:

Developmental orthopedic diseases are a common cause of pain and lameness in young dogs. Most occur in large-breed dogs with rapid growth rates.

Conclusion:

This article reviews the signalment, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for many of the common developmental orthopedic diseases, including hypertrophic osteodystrophy, panosteitis, osteochondrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and pes verus.

Author & Journal:Demko J, et al, Vet Clin Small Anim 2005 35:1111-1135

Long-term radiographic comparison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy versus extracapsular stabilization for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog.

Summary:

Comparison of 2 methods of surgical management of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury in large-breed dogs using a radiographic osteoarthrosis (OA) scoring system.

Conclusion:

Based on logistic regression analysis, dogs with larger OA score differences were 5.78 times more likely to have had ECR than TPLO.

Author & Journal:Lazar TP, et al, Vet Surg. 2005 Mar-Apr;34(2):133-41

Pelvic osteotomy for axial rotation of the acetabular segment in dogs with hip dysplasia

Summary:

Pelvic osteotomy has provided normal function and activity to dogs with hip dysplasia.

Conclusion:

Physical and radiographic examination and palpation under anesthesia permit evaluation of the degenerative process and provide the specific amount of axial rotation of the pelvis necessary for each dog. The technique consists of an osteotomy of the pubis, ischium, and ilium to reestablish acetabular support of the femoral head.

Author & Journal:Slocum B, et al, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992

Tibial plateau angle, sex, and weight as risk factors for contralateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in Labradors

Summary:

To compare rates of contralateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in Labradors based on age and weight at initial rupture, sex, and tibial plateau angle (TPA) and to determine whether Labradors that rupture their initial cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) at an earlier age (<4 years) are more likely to rupture their contralateral side within a certain period of time.

Conclusion:

Age and weight at initial rupture, sex, and TPA does not affect likelihood or rate of contralateral CCL rupture or presentation with bilateral CCL ruptures.

Author & Journal:Buote N, Fusco, et al, Vet Surg. 2009 Jun;38(4):481-9.

Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tears Treated with Stem Cell and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combination Therapy in 36 Dogs: A Retrospective Study.

Summary:

To evaluate outcomes in 36 dogs with a partial cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) tear treated with autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) or adipose-derived progenitor cells (ADPC) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combination.

Conclusion:

Stifle arthroscopy findings at 90 days posttreatment were available on 13 of the 36 dogs. In nine dogs, a fully intact CCL with marked neovascularization and a normal fiber pattern was found with all previous regions of disruption healed. One dog revealed significant improvement and received an additional injection. The remaining three dogs had a >50% CCL tear, and a TPLO was performed. Four additional dogs were known to have had a TPLO performed elsewhere. Baseline and day 90 posttreatment objective gait analyses were available on 11 of the 36 dogs. A significant difference was found between the treated limb total pressure index percent (TPI%) at day 0 and day 90 (p = 0.0124), and between the treated limb and contralateral limb TPI% at day 0 (p = 0.0003). No significant difference was found between the treated limb and contralateral limb TPI% at day 90 (p = 0.7466). Twelve questionnaires were returned, of which eight were performance/sporting dogs. Seven of the eight had returned to sport; the remaining dog had just begun a return to sport conditioning program 6 months posttreatment. All 12 respondents believed that their dog had an excellent or very good quality of life and rated their dog’s procedural outcome as excellent or good.

Author & Journal:Canapp SO, et al, Frontiers Vet Sci 2016 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00112

Medial humeral epicondylar lesions in the canine elbow: A review of the literature

Summary:

A calcified fragment near the medial epicondyle of the humerus was originally described as an ununited medial epicondyle in 1966. Since then several papers reported similar lesions as a cause of elbow lameness. The aetiology and clinical significance of those lesions is poorly known.

Conclusion:

This paper gives an overview of the veterinary and human literature in an attempt to explain the aetiology and to suggest a diagnostic protocol and treatment plan.

Author & Journal:deBakker E, et al, V Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011 24:9-17

Tibial osteotomies for cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs.

Summary:

To review the biomechanical considerations, experimental investigations, and clinical data pertaining to tibial osteotomyprocedures for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) insufficiency in dogs.

Conclusion:

Currently available data does not allow accurate comparisons between different tibial osteotomy procedures, or with traditional methods of stabilizing the CrCL-deficient stifle. Carefully designed long-term clinical studies and further biomechanical analyses are required to determine the optimal osteotomy technique, and whether these procedures are superior to other stabilization methods.

Author & Journal:Kim SE, et al, Vet Surg 37:111–125, 2008

Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs

Summary:

To evaluate the effects of diet restriction on development of radiographic evidence of hip joint osteoarthritis in dogs.

Conclusion:

Restricted feeding delayed or prevented development of radiographic signs of hip jointosteoarthritis in this cohort of Labrador Retrievers. Lifetime maintenance of 25% diet restriction delayed onset and reduced severity of hip joint osteoarthritis, thus favorably affecting both duration and quality of life. In addition, the data indicated that development of hipjoint osteoarthritis was not bimodal in these dogs but occurred as a continuum throughout life.

Author & Journal:Smith GK, et al, JAVMA 2006

Techniques of application and initial clinical experience with sliding humeral osteotomy for treatment of medial compartment disease of the canine elbow.

Summary:

To determine medium-term clinical efficacy of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) for treatment of lameness and elbow pain associated with clinically diagnosed elbow disease featuring cartilage eburnation of the medial elbow compartment (medial compartmentdisease–MCD).

Conclusion:

Of 59 limbs that had SHO, 39 had preoperative focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process. Mean +/- SD dog age was 45.5 +/- 37.48 months and body weight ranged from 13.6 to 46.7 kg. Mean preoperative duration of lameness was 14.7 +/- 18.50 months. Lameness improved for all limbs by 26 weeks, and resolved in 21/32 limbs. Significant improvements in postoperative elbow pain scores and most owner assessments of function were observed. Incidence of major complications requiring surgical intervention was 17.2%, 22.2%, and 4.8% for each of the 3 technique variants described. Histologic examination of 2 elbows at >12 months revealed fibrocartilage cover of medial aspect of humeral condyle.

Author & Journal:Fitzpatrick N, et al, Vet Surg 2009 38:261-278

Chronology of hip dysplasia development in a cohort of 48 Labrador Retrievers followed for life

Summary:

To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA).

Conclusion:

OFA-criteria score was profoundly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet restriction and age, reducing its value as a selection criterion. DI measurements were not influenced by dietary treatment suggesting higher trait heritability.

Author & Journal:Smith GK, et al, Vet Surg 2012