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References

Effects of treatment with polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-reactive protein concentrations, serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Summary:

To investigate the effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) treatment on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration, matrix metal-loproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) activities, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, and lameness scores in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

IM administration of PSGAG inhibited COMP degradation in dogs with osteoarthritis. Results indicate that decreases in serum COMP concentrations might be related to improvement in lameness after PSGAG treatment.

Author & Journal:Fujiki M, et al, Am J Vet Res 2007;68:827–833
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Efficacy of Venlafaxine in Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review of Optimized Treatment.

Summary:

The prevalence of neuropathic pain is high in the general population, and high priority is given to the management of this pain condition. The treatment of neuropathic pain remains challenging, despite the publication of national and international recommendations. The purpose of this narrative review of venlafaxine (VLX) is to provide a better knowledge of the pharmacology of this drug and a clearer view of its efficacy and tolerability in neuropathic pain.

Conclusion:

Eleven were randomized clinical trials, and the comparator was placebo in 8 studies. Nine studies reported that VLX was effective against neuropathic pain. However, among the trials, only one against placebo included a large number of patients with >200 participants and one against prégabaline and carbamazepine had >200 patients. Most of the adverse events reported in the selected studies were consistent with known adverse events of VLX, and most were mild to moderate. However, most studies were of very short duration.

Author & Journal:Trouvin AP, et al, Clin Ther. 2017 Jun;39(6):1104-1122
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Elbow incongruity and developmental elbow diseases in the dog: Part II

Author & Journal:Wind AP, et al, J Americ Anim Hosp Assoc 1986 22:725-730

Emerging modalities in veterinary rehabilitation.

Summary:

Many new modalities have been introduced in human and veterinary physical rehabilitation. In many instances, there is sound theory of how they may impact the physiology of various cells, tissues, or organs.

Conclusion:

This article reviews some of the modalities that have been introduced recently in human and veterinary rehabilitation. Topics include low-level laser, phototherapy, and extracorporeal shock wave treatment.

Author & Journal:Millis DL, et al, Vet Clin Small Anim 35:1335-1355, 2005
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Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk.

Summary:

Although experimental and clinical evidence suggest that endogenous sex hormones influence bone sarcoma genesis, the hypothesis has not been adequately tested in an appropriate animal model. We conducted a historical cohort study of Rottweiler dogs because they frequently undergo elective gonadectomy and spontaneously develop appendicular bone sarcomas, which mimic the biological behavior of the osteosarcomas that affect children and adolescents.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the subset of Rottweiler dogs that undergo early gonadectomy represent a unique, highly accessible target population to further study the gene:environment interactions that determine bone sarcoma risk and to test whether interventions can inhibit the spontaneous development of bone sarcoma.

Author & Journal:Cooley DM, et al, Cancer Epidem Biomark Prev 2002; 11:1434-1440
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Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985).

Summary:

Data on age, sex, and breed were obtained from surgical pathologic records of 92 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma (SHS) and for 125 dogs with splenic hematoma (SHA) diagnosed in 1985 at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Further information on body weight, clinical and surgical findings, and survival time was obtained for 59 dogs (64.1%) with SHS and 91 dogs(72.8%) with SHA.

Conclusion:

Splenic hemangiosarcoma was markedly more common in dogs 8 to 13 years old, and SHA was appreciably more common in dogs greater than or equal to 8 years old, compared with dogs 1 to 7 years old. Compared with sexually intact females, only spayed females were at significantly (odds ratio [or], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 4.1) increased risk for developing SHS; sex predisposition was not found for dogs with SHA. The German Shepherd Dog was the only breed with increased risk for development of either SHS (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.7 to 7.8) or SHA (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.9), compared with all other purebred dogs. Association of tumor type for 7 commonly reported clinical signs with observance of hemoperitoneum at surgery was determined; anorexia (P = 0.01), collapse (P = 0.01), and hemoperitoneum (P less than 0.001) were significantly more common in dogs with SHS. The median survival time for dogs with SHS was 19 days, compared with 338 days for dogs with SHA (P less than 0.001).

Author & Journal:Prymak C, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193(6):706-712
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Epidemiology of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease Diagnosis in Dogs Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in England.

Summary:

To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for a diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease in dogs and to describe the management of such cases attending primary-care veterinary practices.

Conclusion:

Breed predispositions and demographic factors associated with diagnosis and case management of CCL disease in dogsidentified in this study can be used to help direct future research and management strategies.

Author & Journal:Taylor-Brown FE, et al, Vet Surg 2015;44:777-783
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Epidemiology of osteoarthritis

Summary:

The developmental orthopedic diseases and associated osteoarthritis are the most common articular diseases in dogs. They account for some 70% of visits for articular disease and related problems within the appendicular skeleton. Twenty two percent of cases were dogs aged one year or under (5). The incidence of OA is increased by trauma as well as obesity, aging and genetic abnormalities.

Author & Journal:Mele, E., Veterinary Focus 17, 4–10
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Evaluating Complementary Therapies for Canine Osteoarthritis Part I: Green-lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus)

Summary:

A green-lipped mussel (GLM) preparation was evaluated in a randomized, double-controlled and double-blinded clinical trial. It was hypothesized that the treatment effect would be less than that of the positive control (carprofen) but more than that of the negative control (placebo).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our results suggest that the modern stabilized and freeze-dried GLM is more effective than the placebo in treating chronic pain due to moderate to severe OA and that it has no side-effects. For dogs that can not use NSAIDs or corticosteroids and for patients who need analgesic support over extended periods of time, oral GLM may be an acceptable alternative for treating chronic arthritis pain, although it does not alleviate pain as well as carprofen. As dogs are used as models for human OA, we hope these promising results will stimulate new human research in this area.

Author & Journal:Hielm-bjorkman A, et al, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Sep; 6(3): 365–373
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Evaluation of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Protein Solution for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in a Canine Population.

Summary:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intra-articular injection of autologous protein solution (APS) for treatment of canine osteoarthritis (OA).

Conclusion:

APS injection reduced pain and lameness scores and increased weight-bearing associated with the OA-affected joint in dogs at 12 weeks providing preliminary evidence that APS therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of OA in dogs and supporting pursuit of additional studies.

Author & Journal:Wanstrath AW, et al, Vet Surg 2016;45:764-774
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