Author & Journal:Evans HE., 1993
DOD
Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or tibial tuberosity advancement?
Summary:
To review the proposed biomechanical basis of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tibial tuberosityadvancement (TTA) and recommendations for these techniques.
Conclusion:
There are many similarities between TPLO and TTA although it remains to be fully elucidated if either procedure is superior and under what conditions.
Author & Journal:Boudrieau RJ, Vet Surg. 2009 Jan;38(1):1-22
Comparison of conservative management and juvenile pubic symphysiodesis in the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia
Summary:
To evaluate the efficacy of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) in a clinical setting for the early treatment of canine hipdysplasia (CHD), and to identify its indications and contraindications.
Conclusion:
In group 1, 43.2% of the puppies had regression or a lack of progression of the disease in the final evaluation (Grade A & B), 25.9% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 30.9% had moderate and severe CHD (Grade D & E). In group 2, 23.6% of the puppies did not show any development of the disease (Grade A & B), 21.1% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 55.3% developed moderate to severe CHD (Grade D & E). Further investigation was done by comparing the severity of early signs of susceptibility to CHD with the final FCI Grades at adulthood in both groups.
Author & Journal:Vezzoni A, et al, VCOT 2008
Morphology, histology and functional anatomy of the canine cranial cruciate ligament.
Summary:
Morphologically the canine cranial cruciate ligament can be divided into a cranio-medial and caudo-lateral component which perform reciprocal functions at all angles of flexion of the stifle joint. Histologically the main constituents of these two components are bundles of longitudinally orientated collagen fibre.
Conclusion:
The results of the study of the effect of partial and total sectioning of the cranial cruciate ligamenton the “anterior-draw” movement implied that the relatively minor degree of movement, elicited following sectioning of either of the components of the ligament, would not be detected under clinical conditions. For joint instability to be clinically detectable most of the ligament must have ruptured, or the intact portion must have undergone degenerative or disruptive changes.
Author & Journal:Heffron, LE, et al, Vet Rec. 1978 Apr 1;102(13):280-3
Healing and repair of ligament injuries in the knee
Summary:
Although methods of treating ligamentous injuries have continually improved, many questions remain about enhancing the rate, quality, and completeness of ligament healing. It is known that the ability of a torn ligament to heal depends on a variety of factors, including anatomic location, presence of associated injuries, and selected treatment modality. A grade III injury of the medial collateral ligament(MCL) of the knee usually heals spontaneously. Surgical repair followed by immobilization of an isolated MCL tear does not enhance thehealing process. In contrast, tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament often require surgical reconstruction. The MCL component of a combined ACL-MCL injury has a worse prognosis than an isolated MCL injury.
Conclusion:
The results of animal studies suggest that nonoperative treatment of an MCL injury is effective if combined with operative reconstruction of the ACL. Experimentation using animal models has helped to define the effects of ligament location, associated injuries, intrinsic factors, surgical repair, reconstruction, and exercise on ligament healing. New techniques utilizing growth factors and cell and gene therapies may offer the potential to enhance the rate and quality of healing of ligaments of the knee, as well as other ligaments in the body.
Author & Journal:Woo SL, et al, J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2000;8(6):364-372
Elbow incongruity and developmental elbow diseases in the dog: Part II
Author & Journal:Wind AP, et al, J Americ Anim Hosp Assoc 1986 22:725-730
Tibial tuberosity advancement in 65 canine stifles.
Summary:
The tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) procedure was developed to treat dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifles. A retrospective, descriptive study was performed on 57 dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral TTA.
Conclusion:
TTA subjectively appears to be a useful alternative in the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease. Few severe complications were encountered. Good clinical outcome and owner satisfaction was reported with the procedure in this set of cases.
Author & Journal:2. Hoffmann DE, et al, Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 19:219–227, 2006
Association among exercise duration, lameness severity, and hip joint range of motion in Labrador Retrievers with hip dysplasia.
Summary:
To evaluate factors associated with lameness severity and hip joint range of motion in dogs with hip dysplasia and to assess the association between hip joint range of motion and degree of lameness.
Conclusion:
Conclusion:Longer daily exercise duration was associated with lower lameness scores in dogs with hip dysplasia. Dogs with hip joint luxation secondary to hip dysplasia had higher lameness scores than did dogs without hip joint luxation.
Author & Journal:Greene LM, et al. JAVMA 2013.
Conservative versus arthroscopic management for medial coronoid process disease in dogs: a prospective gait evaluation.
Summary:
To investigate, using objective gait analysis, the long-term outcome of dogs with medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) treated with conservative management (CM) versus arthroscopic treatment (AT).
Conclusion:
AT dogs had increased mechanical asymmetry at 4 and 8 weeks compared to the CM group revealing surgery worsened limb function. There was no significant difference in mechanical symmetry between groups at 26 and 52 weeks.
Author & Journal:Burton NJ, et al, Vet Surg 2011 40:972-980