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Diagnosis

Comparison of Force Plate Gait Analysis and Owner Assessment of Pain Using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory in Dogs with Osteoarthritis

Summary:

Evaluate the relationship between CBPI pain severity (PS) and interference (PI) scores with the vertical forces of FPGA as efficacy measures in canine osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

In these dogs with hind limb or forelimb osteoarthritis, owner assessment of chronic painusing the CBPI and assessment of lameness using FPGA detected significant improvement in dogs treated with carprofen. The lack of correlation or concordance between the change in owner scores and vertical forces suggests that owners were focused on behaviors other than lameness when making efficacy evaluations in their dogs.

Author & Journal:D.C. Brown, et al, J Vet Intern Med 2013;27:22–30
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Computed tomography versus arthroscopy for detection of canine elbow dysplasia lesions.

Summary:

To describe associations between computed tomography (CT) and arthroscopy in dogs with elbow dysplasia lesions.

Conclusion:

Some CT signs are significantly associated with arthroscopic features of elbow dysplasia lesions in dogs; however, other CT signs were not associated with arthroscopic findings, and CT and arthroscopy can provide contradictory information. Osteophyte size is moderately correlated with cartilage erosion of the medial joint compartment.

Author & Journal:Moores AP, et al, Vet Surg 2008 37:390-398
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Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs

Summary:

To evaluate prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia (HD) and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency (CCLD) in dogs and determine change in prevalence over time.

Conclusion:

Results suggested that sex, age, and breed were risk factors for HD, CCLD, or both in dogs and that prevalences of HD and CCLD have increased over time.

Author & Journal:Witsberger TH, et al JAVMA 232:1818-1824, 2008
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Face validity of a proposed tool for staging osteoarthritis: Canine OsteoArthritis Staging Tool (COAST).

Summary:

This article outlines the rationale and thought processes behind the construction of this proposed instrument and the ‘item generation’ — determination by expert opinion of what the instrument should contain and look like (face validity). It gives a detailed overview of COAST, and practical details on how it is proposed to be used.

Conclusion:

This report describes a novel instrument developed by an expert panel to facilitate diagnosis of OA through standardized and guided assessment. Ultimately, an effective staging tool like this may help improve pain control and general clinical management of dogs with OA by providing standardized ‘scores’ over time that can be related to treatment efforts. With COAST, the authors are proposing a schematic approach to diagnosing and staging canine OA, utilizing inputs from the pet owner and from the veterinarian consultation and examination.

Author & Journal:Cachon T, Frykman O, Innes JF, et al, Vet J 2018
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Arthroscopic documentation of elbow cartilage pathology in dogs with clinical lameness without changes on standard radiographic projections.

Summary:

To document cartilage damage associated with elbow lameness in dogs without radiographic signs.

Conclusion:

Elbow pathology not associated with radiographic changes can be identified by CT and scintigraphy. Coronoid pathology is the most likely diagnosis.

Author & Journal:Punke JP, et al, Vet Surg 2009 38:209-212
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COAST Development Group’s international consensus guidelines for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis

Summary:

This report describes consensus guidelines and recommendations for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis (OA) according to the “Canine OsteoArthritis Staging Tool excluding radiography” (COASTeR) stage of OA, by the COAST Development Group. The recommendations are based on evidence-based medicine and clinical experience and are proposed with international relevance in mind. The aim is to provide veterinarians with a practical reference to consolidated information and to support the development of patient-specific OA management protocols and informed treatment choices based on the stage of OA.

Conclusion:

Canine osteoarthritis is a complex disease and only animal healthcare professionals with personal knowledge of the patient can optimize care plans to meet the needs of the patient and requirements of the pet caregiver. This proposal for the first international guidelines for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis (OA), according to the COASTeR OA stage, is intended to provide a practical reference to evidence-based recommendations and expert opinion while leaving decision-making and the development of protocols appropriate to each dog’s specific situation, firmly in the hands of the consulting veterinarian. The authors encourage the use of the COAST staging tool and the COAST canine OA treatment guidelines proposal, and welcome feedback to help guide future updates and the optimization of both ([email protected]).

 

Author & Journal:Thibaut Cachon, Ole Frykman, John F. Innes, B. Duncan X. Lascelles, Masahiro Okumura, Pedro Sousa, Francesco Staffieri, Paulo V. Steagall, Bernadette Van Ryssen; Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Diagnostic value of intra-articular anaesthetic in primary osteoarthritis of the hip.

Summary:

“We investigated 42 patients who were being considered for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), but in whom it was uncertain whether the hip was the source of their pain.”

Conclusion:

“Of 33 patients who gained pain relief from their injection, 32 subsequently had successful THA. The remaining patient has not had surgery.”

Author & Journal:Crawford, R.W., et al, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1998
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Risk factors for excessive tibial plateau angle in large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Summary:

To identify risk factors for development of excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).

Conclusion:

Results suggested that early neutering was a significant risk factor for development of excessive TPA in large-breed dogs with CCLD. Further research into the effects of early neutering on TPA and the pathophysiology of CCLD is warranted.

Author & Journal:Duerr FM, et al, JAVMA 231:1688-1691, 2007
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Validation of a client-based clinical metrology instrument for the evaluation of canine elbow arthritis

Summary:

To validate a disease-specific client-based clinical metrology instrument (questionnaire) for dogs with chronic osteoarthritis of the elbow joint.

Conclusion:

The reliability of Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (elbow) in the test-retest scenario was good; intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.89, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.75 to 0.95, compared with intraclass correlation coefficient 0.92, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.74 to 0.98, for peak vertical force. Responsiveness testing indicated that the “net” effect size (allowing for placebo effect) for Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (elbow) was 0.13 compared with (-)0.18 for the force platform. Criterion validity for Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs(elbow) against peak vertical force was poor; Spearman’s rank correlation is -0.24 (P=0.30).

Author & Journal:Hercock, C.A., et al, Journal of Small Animal Practice 50, 266–271
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