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Tibial osteotomies for cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs.

Summary:

To review the biomechanical considerations, experimental investigations, and clinical data pertaining to tibial osteotomyprocedures for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) insufficiency in dogs.

Conclusion:

Currently available data does not allow accurate comparisons between different tibial osteotomy procedures, or with traditional methods of stabilizing the CrCL-deficient stifle. Carefully designed long-term clinical studies and further biomechanical analyses are required to determine the optimal osteotomy technique, and whether these procedures are superior to other stabilization methods.

Author & Journal:Kim SE, et al, Vet Surg 37:111–125, 2008
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Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs

Summary:

To evaluate the effects of diet restriction on development of radiographic evidence of hip joint osteoarthritis in dogs.

Conclusion:

Restricted feeding delayed or prevented development of radiographic signs of hip jointosteoarthritis in this cohort of Labrador Retrievers. Lifetime maintenance of 25% diet restriction delayed onset and reduced severity of hip joint osteoarthritis, thus favorably affecting both duration and quality of life. In addition, the data indicated that development of hipjoint osteoarthritis was not bimodal in these dogs but occurred as a continuum throughout life.

Author & Journal:Smith GK, et al, JAVMA 2006
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Techniques of application and initial clinical experience with sliding humeral osteotomy for treatment of medial compartment disease of the canine elbow.

Summary:

To determine medium-term clinical efficacy of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) for treatment of lameness and elbow pain associated with clinically diagnosed elbow disease featuring cartilage eburnation of the medial elbow compartment (medial compartmentdisease–MCD).

Conclusion:

Of 59 limbs that had SHO, 39 had preoperative focal treatment of the diseased medial aspect of the coronoid process. Mean +/- SD dog age was 45.5 +/- 37.48 months and body weight ranged from 13.6 to 46.7 kg. Mean preoperative duration of lameness was 14.7 +/- 18.50 months. Lameness improved for all limbs by 26 weeks, and resolved in 21/32 limbs. Significant improvements in postoperative elbow pain scores and most owner assessments of function were observed. Incidence of major complications requiring surgical intervention was 17.2%, 22.2%, and 4.8% for each of the 3 technique variants described. Histologic examination of 2 elbows at >12 months revealed fibrocartilage cover of medial aspect of humeral condyle.

Author & Journal:Fitzpatrick N, et al, Vet Surg 2009 38:261-278
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Chronology of hip dysplasia development in a cohort of 48 Labrador Retrievers followed for life

Summary:

To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA).

Conclusion:

OFA-criteria score was profoundly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet restriction and age, reducing its value as a selection criterion. DI measurements were not influenced by dietary treatment suggesting higher trait heritability.

Author & Journal:Smith GK, et al, Vet Surg 2012
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Complications with and owner assessment of the outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 193 cases (1997-2001).

Summary:

To identify complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs and assess owner perceptions of outcome.

Conclusion:

Results indicated that complications developed in approximately 25% of dogs undergoing TPLO for treatment of a cranial cruciate ligament injury but that most complications responded to appropriate treatment, and development of complications did not affect owner assessments of outcome. There was a higher incidence of complications when bilateral TPLOs were performed during a single anesthetic episode.

Author & Journal:Priddy NH 2nd, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003 Jun 15;222(12):1726-32.
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Triple pelvic osteotomy: effect on limb function and progression of degenerative joint disease

Summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the outcome of 21 clinical patients treated with triple pelvic osteotomies during the year following surgery.

Conclusion:

Twelve dogs were treated unilaterally and nine dogs were treated bilaterally with triple pelvic osteotomies. There were no differences in mean anteversion angles, angles of inclination, or preoperative DJD between treated hips and untreated hips. Degenerative joint diseaseprogressed significantly in all hips regardless of treatment. Two cases developed hyperextension of their hocks after the triple pelvicosteotomies. However, no radiographic evidence of DJD was observed for any of the stifles or hocks at any observation time. A significant increase in vertical peak force (VPF) scores was noted for treated legs by two-to-three months after surgery, which continued over time. Untreated legs did not show a significant change in VPF scores over time. No differences were found in progression to higher scores when unilaterally treated legs, first-side treated legs, and second-side treated legs were compared.

Author & Journal:Johnson AL, et al, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1998 May-Jun;34(3):260-4
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Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs

Summary:

To describe clinical features of dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and to evaluate breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors.

Conclusion:

Several large breeds of dogs are predisposed to rupture of the CCL at a young age.

Author & Journal:Duval JM, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999 Sep 15;215(6):811-4.
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Multiple injections of leukoreduced platelet rich plasma reduce pain and functional impairment in a canine model of ACL and meniscal deficiency.

Summary:

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used to treat many musculoskeletal disorders. We used a canine model to determine the effects of multipleintra-articular injections of leukoreduced PRP (ACP) on anterior cruciate ligament healing, meniscal healing, and progression of osteoarthritis (OA).

Conclusion:

Five intra-articular injections of leukoreduced PRP had beneficial effects for ACL healing, improved range of motion, decreased pain, and improved limb function for up to 6 months in this model.

Author & Journal:Cook JL, et al, J Orthop Res 2016; 34(4):607-615
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Genetic aspects of canine elbow dysplasia

Author & Journal:Corley EA, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc 1968 153:543-547
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