Long-term Management

Exercise enhances memory consolidation in the aging brain.

Summary:

Exercise has been shown to reduce age-related losses in cognitive function including learning and memory, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. Memory formation occurs in stages that include an initial acquisition phase, an intermediate labile phase, and then a process of consolidation which leads to long-term memory formation. An effective way to examine the mechanism by which exercise improves memory is to introduce the intervention (exercise), post-acquisition, making it possible to selectively examine memory storage and consolidation. Accordingly we evaluated the effects of post-trial exercise (10 min on a treadmill) on memory consolidation in aged canines both right after, an hour after, and 24 h after acute exercise training in concurrent discrimination, object location memory (OLM), and novel object recognition tasks.

Conclusion:

In summary, the results of this study indicate that acute and chronic exercise are both effective against the functional deficits associated with cognitive aging. Exercise may therefore be a viable training mechanism to improve cognitive reserve in the brain and bolster resiliency against the consequences of brain aging.

Author & Journal:Snigdha S, et al, Front Aging Neurosci 6(3):1-14, 2014

Face validity of a proposed tool for staging osteoarthritis: Canine OsteoArthritis Staging Tool (COAST).

Summary:

This article outlines the rationale and thought processes behind the construction of this proposed instrument and the ‘item generation’ — determination by expert opinion of what the instrument should contain and look like (face validity). It gives a detailed overview of COAST, and practical details on how it is proposed to be used.

Conclusion:

This report describes a novel instrument developed by an expert panel to facilitate diagnosis of OA through standardized and guided assessment. Ultimately, an effective staging tool like this may help improve pain control and general clinical management of dogs with OA by providing standardized ‘scores’ over time that can be related to treatment efforts. With COAST, the authors are proposing a schematic approach to diagnosing and staging canine OA, utilizing inputs from the pet owner and from the veterinarian consultation and examination.

Author & Journal:Cachon T, Frykman O, Innes JF, et al, Vet J 2018

Multimodal management of canine osteoarthritis

Author & Journal:Fox, SM, 2nd Ed. CRC Press. 2017

Evaluation of the effect of limited food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs.

Summary:

To determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in 4 diarthrodial joints of dogs with restricted feed intake, compared with dogs without restricted feed intake.

Conclusion:

Prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis in several joints was less in dogs with long-term reduced food intake, compared with control dogs. Food intake is an environmental factor that may have a profound effect on development of osteoarthritis in dogs.

Author & Journal:Kealy RD, et al, JAVMA 2000

Influence of lifetime food restriction on causes, time, and predictors of death in dogs.

Summary:

To describe effects of lifetime food restriction on causes of death and the association between body-mass characteristics and time of death in dogs.

Conclusion:

Results were similar to results of diet restriction studies in rodents and primates, reflecting delayed death from species- and strain-specific intrinsic causes. Clinicians should be aware that unplanned body mass changes during mid- and later life of dogs may indicate the need for thorough clinical evaluation.

Author & Journal:Lawler DF, et al, J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:225-231