Hip Dysplasia/ Hip Arthritis
There are 4 types of surgical treatment for HD: two procedures are performed in juvenile dogs only with the goal of preventing the development of OA; two are typically performed in an adult dog that is symptomatic for OA.
- Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS): This is a relatively simple procedure that involves cauterizing the pubic symphysis in order to alter the growth of the acetabulum. When this is performed in puppies between 16-20 weeks of age, the development of the pelvis is improved so that the femoral head sits within the acetabulum and less arthritis can be expected long term.
- The JPS surgery is most effective before 20 weeks of age, and we do not recommend spaying or neutering client-owned dogs this young. However, should a dog have this procedure performed, it is advised that the client sign a consent that they will not breed their dog as the surgery does not prevent passing the genetic trait of HD on to offspring. (picture of where pubis is cauterized)
- Triple or Double Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO/DPO): This surgery involves cutting the pelvis in 2 or 3 places and rotating the acetabulum to provide better coverage of the femoral head. This is a more invasive procedure than the JPS.
- It is performed in puppies typically between 6-8 months of age. It can be effective in reducing the progression of arthritis but only if it performed prior to the onset of arthritis. Consultation with a surgeon is recommended to discuss this procedure further.
Treatment of arthritis secondary to HD is accomplished by either replacing the joint or removing the articulation and bone-on-bone contact. These surgeries are reserved for when non-surgical management efforts have been exhausted.
- Total Hip Replacement (THR): This is the gold standard surgery for HD, and results can be excellent with dogs returning to very active lives. However, there are potential risks associated with surgery. If non-surgical treatment of HD has been unsuccessful, consultation with a surgeon is recommended to discuss the pre-operative workup, post-operative care, and potential risks of THR.
- Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy (FHO): This procedure removes the femoral head and neck, thus removing the bone-on-bone contact of the hip. Many dogs do well with this procedure, but post-operative rehabilitation soon after surgery is very important, especially for large dogs.